This publication contains the proceedings and the final report of the Conference on Biological Diversity, its Conservation and Sustainable Use in the Arab World", which was held in Bahrain from the 12-14 December 1995. The final report consists of the summary of all the presentations delivered at the Conference. At the end of the Conference, a set of recommendations and a proposed action plan to preserve the biological diversity in the region was adopted. These recommendations arc included in the final report. The proceeding consists of the full text of 7 technical presentations delivered at the conference. All in all, these presentations covered the research activities as well as action taken by regional and international organizations to preserve and conserve the biological diversity of the region.