The paper addresses many of the issues that arise from the use of Genetic modification techniques that allow new living modified organisms to be produced which have characteristics that have not necessarily been found ...

Snow exerts a huge influence on climate, through its high reflectivity, insulating properties, and cooling of the atmosphere, and on surface hydrology, through its effects on water resources in many parts of the world. ...

Changes in ice and snow are influenced by variability within the climate system itself and by external factors such as greenhouse gases, solar variability, and volcanic dust – factors that act on time scales from months ...

This report demonstrates how we are affected by ice and snow, whether we live in the northern regions or tropical climates or in between. Ice and snow are important components of the Earth’s climate system and are particularly ...

The underlying theme in the preceding chapters is that changes are now observed in ice and snow and bigger changes are projected. The greenhouse gases from past and current emissions remain in the Earth’s atmosphere for ...

Ice and snow are important components of the Earth’s climate system and are particularly sensitive to global warming. Over the last few decades the amount of ice and snow, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, has decreased ...

Floating freshwater ice is a key component of cold-regions river and lake systems. Ice creates and controls unique aquatic habitats and related biological productivity and diversity. It also poses major challenges (for ...

Sean ice plays a key role for climate and is important as habitat and for human activities and economies. Observations show and models indicate that climate and sea-ice regimes are changing. Sea-ice extent in the Arctic ...

In addition to sustained job creation, Goal 8 recognizes that decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation is fundamental to sustainable development.

Goal 3 addresses causes of premature death and seeks universal health coverage, so that people can obtain health care without great financial penalty.