Tanzania is implementing the project “Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for Rural Resilience in Tanzania” (EbARR), which aims to increase resilience to climate change in rural communities of Tanzania by strengthening ecosystem-based adaptation and diversifying livelihoods. The most recent climate projections for Tanzania overwhelmingly indicate signals of increased climate variability, erratic and changing rainfall patterns and rising mean annual and daily temperatures – particularly in highland and semi-arid areas (VPO-DoE 2007). A Vulnerability and Impact Assessment (VIA) assignment has been conducted across the five districts targeted by the EbARR project, and the final deliverable of this assignment is this EbA report, which recommends cost-efficient and climate-resilient land and water resource manage-ment options, falling under the category of EbA. This executive summary provides an overview of the climate projections and impacts studied across the project areas, the targeted EbA inter-ventions recommended for them, and a suggestion on ecosystem indicators to be used in the monitoring of project activities at a later stage.