This chapter reviews the current status of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as the outlook for 2030 emissions under new or updated NDCs and announced mitigation pledges. Furthermore, it reviews progress towards implementing 2030 pledges, with a special focus on G20 members.1 The chapter proceeds as follows: Section 2.2 provides an overview of current trends in total global GHG emissions and global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel use and industry-related sources, considering the impact of COVID-19 on 2020 and 2021 emissions. Section 2.3 presents new and updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) communicated under the Paris Agreement, as well as additional pledges for 2030 not yet formally submitted as NDCs. It discusses characteristics of these pledges, in aggregate, and assesses their impact on global and G20 2030 emissions. Section 2.4 presents G20 countries’ pledges, assessing whether and how they have been updated, as well as progress towards their implementation. The assessment covers all individual G20 member countries and regions except the EU member states.2 The cut-off date for the assessments of new and updated NDCs is 30 September 2021.