Ecosystems and people in Sudan are severely vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Increasing temperatures, variable rainfall, expanding desertification, and sea level rise threaten biodiversity, livelihoods and the national food supply. For example, according to climate projections, wheat production in Sudan may decrease from 16% to between 4.5% and 12.2% by 2050 (Trisos et al. 2022). Disease outbreaks and malnutrition from climate shocks, disasters and conflict have resulted in acute humanitarian needs in Sudan amidst political and economic instability. Climate change can exacerbate the root causes of conflict, risking ongoing cycles of violence (Scheffran et al. 2014; Sax et al. 2022).