This study set out to understand what has happened to the livestock trade in the greater Darfur region during the conflict years: how it has responded to the constantly shifting conflict dynamics since 2003, how it has adapted, and to what extent (if at all) it has recovered. It also set out to identify how the livestock trade can be supported in order to better sustain the livelihoods of different groups in Darfur, both while the conflict continues and in the longer term to support the eventual recovery of Darfur’s economy and to contribute to the national economy. It is estimated that Darfur’s livestock account for between one-quarter and one-third of Sudan’s livestock resources post-secession.