This report presents ndings of an integrated ecosystem assessment carried out in the Bugesera region, Southern province of Rwanda, during the period May – August 2006. The assessment was conducted under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) funded Poverty and Environment Initiative (PEI) project. The main objective of the PEI in Rwanda is to develop capacity for mainstreaming environmental issues into the national development framework, principally the Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (EDPRS), by deepening understanding of the complex links between poverty, human wellbeing and environment, and establishing a framework of indicators for monitoring them.