Two projects were implemented to address adaptation needs: "Implementation of Concrete Adaptation Measures to Reduce Vulnerability of Livelihoods and the Economy of Coastal Communities of Tanzania (AF)" in Dar-es-Salaam (pop. 4.3m); and "Developing Core Capacity to Address Adaptation to Climate Change in Productive Coastal Zones (LDCF) in the following coastal districts: Pangani (pop. 54,025), Rufiji (pop. 182,000), Bagamoyo (pop. 82,578) and Zanzibar (pop. 1.3m). Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) was central to the project’s activities. EbA is the tactic of using nature and healthy ecosystems to reduce the impacts of climate change.