Kazakhstan represents a large granary and a significant animal husbandry basis of the Soviet Union. From a land of almost total illiteracy Kazakhstan developed into a Republic characterized by a high level of science and culture, having dozens of institutions of higher education and research. Followed by deep socio-economic changes, health care became an integral part of state and public measures on the prevention and treatment of diseases, on the ensurance of healthy conditions of work, higher working abilities and increased active life span.