The report is one of the products of the Waste and Climate Change project funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment and implemented by UNEP IETC in partnership with the Ministry of Environment and Tourism of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar City Mayor’s office, and the Asia Foundation. This new study is expected to play a vital role in policy development, as the city had relied on the outdated waste composition study conducted in 2007 until this new report was completed. The composition of waste varies drastically between seasons and between apartments and gear area, where in winter the largest portion of waste is ash (75%) due to the extremely low temperatures and the type of heating used.