The key messages and recommendations here are from the Task Force on Short?LivedClimate Forcers that was established by the Arctic Council in 2009. In 2011, the Task Forcedelivered its first report, focused primarily on black carbon. It was asked to continue itswork by focusing on methane and tropospheric ozone, as well as further black carbon workwhere necessary, and provide a report to the next Arctic Council Ministerial meeting in 2013. This is the second report from the Task Force. It focuses on both methane and blackcarbon