The articles in the present Review are based on lectures given during the fourth University of Joensuu – UNEP Course on International Environmental Law-making and Diplomacy, which was held from 12 to 24 August 2007 at the University of Joensuu, in Joensuu, Finland. The first two Courses were held in Joensuu in 2004 and 2005; the third was hosted at the Pietermaritzburg campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa