After the recognition of national ownership of biological resources pursuant to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), competition between nations has been intensifying to acquire biological resources. The Korean government has increasingly recognized the importance of biological resources, and has made efforts to improve biodiversity in Korea and increase national competitiveness. In particular, the Ministry of Environment established a mid- to long-term master plan for the systematic management of biological resources on the Korean Peninsula, and performed various activities and policies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources : The Flora and Fauna of Korea publication project, establishment of the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), effective conservation of major eco-regions, restoration of endangered species, participation program for international cooperation and so on.