This manual provides an explanation of basic concepts including: Resource Efficiency, life cycle thinking, dematerialisation, decarbonisation, the ‘Plan-Do-Check-Act’ (PDCA) cycle, benchmarking, cleaner production, safer production and integrated management systems; the PDCA cycle as a basis for continuous improvement; five thematic modules for detailed assessment (water, energy, materials, waste, chemicals); benchmarking and benchmarks for different sectors and units; relevant international laws, restrictions, standards; guidance for planning a Resource Efficiency programme; appendices including: slides for trainers, exercises for workshops and worksheets