Leadership Dialogue 3 focuses on “Accelerating the implementation of the environmental dimension of Sustainable Development in the context of the Decade of Action”. The timing is critical, inter alia, because COVID-19, the climate, biodiversity and pollution crises, extreme inequalities, and the digital divide compel us to accelerate the pace of change. This background paper provides context for the Leadership Dialogue and highlights key questions to ensure that we move from the commitment to action.