South Sudan in eastern Central Africa,is one of the world’s most fragile states and one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Communities in South Sudan are particularly reliant on natural resources for their livelihoods, and approximately 86% of rural households rely on rain-fed agriculture and animal husbandry as their main source of livelihood. Despite providing key services to local communities, including water supply and fuelwood, vital ecosystems are being degraded from a combination of population growth and an over-reliance on natural resources. A major project is increasing the climate resilience of vulnerable communities in two states by focusing on the priority areas identified within South Sudan’s National Adaptation Programme of Action - namely agriculture, disaster risk reduction, water resources, policy, and institutional frameworks.