The main objective of the report is to establish a high-level, strategic understanding of the current policy, legal and regulatory frameworks at Federal Government (FGS) and Federal Member State (FMS) levels in Somalia. It undertakes a baseline assessment of the current policy and legal environmental frameworks in the context of the oil and gas sector, and also seeks to understand the roles and mandates of the institutions involved. It further provides guidance and recommendations on strengthening the existing legislation, policies and regulatory instruments relating to the environment and oil and gas in Somalia and supports legal and policy harmonisation at FGS and FMS levels. This report presents findings on Somalia’s environmental legal and policy framework and institutional architecture that informs the country’s emerging oil and gas sector. It addresses the following three main thematic areas key areas: the legal, policy and regulatory frameworks; institutional architecture; and coordination mechanisms. It also touches very briefly upon future energy development in Somalia to obtain a preliminary understanding on the institutional readiness for energy transition in the country.