This briefing note provides an overview of EbA measures commonly implemented in particular ecosystems (mountains, drylands, wetlands, coasts, and urban systems), reflecting interventions supported by UN Environment EbA projects, and highlights through example outcome indicators how their contribution towards achieving identified adaptation goals can be monitored. To set the scene, it describes typical degradation cycles for terrestrial and coastal ecosystems and explores the environmental, climatic and socio-economic dynamics particular to selected ecosystems.