Overall, the contribution aims to improve livelihoods through dryland ecosystem restoration and sustainable management in a changing climate, and to promote continued cooperation among developing countries. Both natural and human aspects will be addressed, as demonstrated in the specific interventions detailed below:  Establishment of greenbelt that combats desertification and provides multiple NTFPs;  Utilising high-efficiency irrigation for crop plantation, and water harvesting in human settlements to optimise end-point water use; establishing watershed conservation and management to enhance water security;  Developing and enforcing grassland enclosure to promote the natural regeneration of rangelands and pastures.