d-Phenothrin has been in use since 1977. It is estimated that 70-80 tonnes of d-phenothrin are used annually worldwide, mainly to control noxious insects in the household and insects of public health concern and to protect stored grain. It is used either alone or in combination with other insecticides and/or synergists, and it is formulated in aerosols, oil, dust formulations, and emulsifiable concentrate. d-Phenothrin is also used to control human lice, in which case it is formulated as a powder, shampoo, or lotion.