Over the past three decades, the artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sector in Tanzania has been increasingly important for poverty alleviation nationally. Tanzania, Africa’s fourth largest producer of gold (after South Africa, Ghana, and Mali), is experiencing a boom in its mining industry. ASGM activities, taking place in many regions of the country, play a significant role both as a direct source of employment in mining communities and in generating additional jobs and revenues in the rural economy