The Preliminary SEA process began in late 2020 and proceeded through 2021. The key findings and recommendations were presented at a national workshop in March 2022 in Mogadishu. Key findings and recommendations were further validated during a Training of Trainers on SEA held in Nairobi, Kenya, in June 2022. This report reflects the outcome of these processes. The Preliminary SEA presents a background to the process, a comprehensive description of the environmental and socio-economic baseline conditions, and a brief overview of the legal, policy and regulatory situation, followed by a description of the stakeholder engagement process, the development of upstream exploration scenarios, the identification of issues and concerns and their validation and prioritization into the final Key Issues. Each Key Issue is then presented with the proposed recommendations.