This Manual expands upon UNEP Guidelines on Compliance with and Enforcement of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), adopted in 2002. The Manual explains various tools for negotiating, implementing, and enforcing MEAs, with examples from around the world with various MEAs. The Manual also includes numerous checklists, annexes, and cross-references to additional materials. The Manual is an indispensable reference for anyone involved in developing, implementing, or enforcing MEAs.