Following the formal announcement of the goals in April 2013, the World Bank has begun to assess what the new goals will mean for its work in different regions, and how the organization itself will need to change in response to the goals. This Policy Research Report contributes to this ongoing assessment, by focusing specifically on the data and measurement issues surrounding the goals. It lays out the conceptual underpinnings of the goals, assesses what reaching the goals will take, and reviews the data requirements for monitoring the goals.