This report provides a blueprint of an environmental monitoring plan that will ensure sustainable exploitation and utilization the petroleum resources discovered in the Albertine Graben. The report notes that oil and gas activities in this area, which is known for its high biodiversity richness and diversity, must not ignore the vast biological resources. It gives a number of selected parameters and indicators that should be used in monitoring environmental changes caused by oil and gas activities. The core message of this report is that oil and gas activities may have adverse environmental and social effects if not well managed. The report provides insight and early warning to policy makers and other stakeholders on environmental changes that may arise as a result of oil and gas activities.