The first Environmental Performance Review (EPR) of Yugoslavia carried out in 2002 included the review of Serbia as a constituent component of the country. In 2003, the Federation of Yugoslavia was restructured into a looser federation, the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, based on the equality of the two member States. In May 2006, these two States became fully independent, and Serbia has become a successor state of the State Union. The second EPR of Serbia was carried out in 2006 after Serbia gained its sovereignty. This second review intends to measure the progress made by Serbia in managing its environment since the 2002 EPR, as well as in addressing upcoming environmental challenges.