The 2009-10 Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey (TLDHS) is the first national level population and health survey conducted as part of the global Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program supported by USAID, but the second Demographic and Health survey in the country. The first DHS was done in 2003 under the guidance of ACIL Australia Pty Ltd, University of Newcastle and the Australian National University. The TLDHS 2009-10 is implemented by the National Statistics Directorate of the General Directorate for Policy Analysis and Research of the Ministry of Finance, under the aegis of the Ministry of Health.