The main objective of this study is to assess whether there is an economic rationale for the reduction of deforestation in the United Republic of Tanzania, by calculating the economic costs and benefits based on current levels of deforestation. The study is part of a range of activities offered by the UN-REDD Programme in support of the Tanzanian Government. REDD+1 is a concept designed to reward developing countries for their verified reductions or removals of forest carbon emissions compared to a forest reference level or forest reference emission level that complies with the relevant safeguards.