This book provides a broad overview of the situation in Africa, where topics of special significance to the continent, and some broad country perspectives are highlighted. Specific case studies substantiate these general perspectives. Nitrate, as emphasized by a majority of the papers, is a contaminant of great significance. Its occurrence, the hydro-chemical interactions, its effects and some specific cases are illustrated. Moreover, the continental issue of pesticide pollution highlights this potential time bomb. It is indeed a very real issue that goes beyond the agricultural areas.