This publication describes key achievements of projects that the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment) has undertaken as a Global Environment Facility (GEF) implementing agency to explore and implement mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation into production systems. The publication is based on information from 14 projects implemented in 36 countries – four single country projects and ten multi-country projects, of which five are global and five are regional. The projects described here were developed during the GEF 4 and GEF 5 programming framework periods.