Integrated water resource management (IWRM) incorporating an ecosystem approach is a key building block for achieving the water, sanitation and human settlement targets of the Millennium Development Goals. It is evident that there are inseparable and indisputable links between the protection and sustainable use of the natural environment, especially water resources, and the provision of environmentally sound sanitation services, the improvement of human settlements, public health and poverty reduction. This brings into focus the need for conservation and efficient use of available freshwater resources and making available best practice for widespread adoption and adaptation throughout the global community.