Water is one of several current and future critical issues facing Africa and the Nile Basin in particular. Water supplies from rivers, lakes and rainfall are characterized by their unequal natural geographical distribution, accessibility and unsustainable use. This SDM outlines four policy areas, based on the work packages of the Nile Basin project as follows: 1. Comprehensive Assessments; 2. Policy and Capacity Building; 3. Demonstration/field sites; and 4. Communication.