Mozambique is expected to become the world’s third largest natural gas exporter by 2023, bringing a projected $39 billion to the Mozambican economy over the next 20 years and creating over 700,000 jobs by 2035. In view of the impending increase in oil and gas exploration, the Government of Mozambique, in collaboration with UN Environment and Norway’s Oil for Development Programme, launched a report to strengthen Mozambique’s capacity to address environmental management challenges related to its oil and gas sector. The report’s 38 recommendations form a roadmap for the successful management of this important and rapidly developing sector.