The book discusses major natural and man-made factors contributing to desertification In arid regions of the USSR. Summarized is the experience gained in the USSR an controlling desertification in animal rangeland management and irrigated farming. Desert rangelands of the USSR, their water supply, utilization and improve-merit are studied in detail. The book also provides recommendations for refining the assessment methods and the system of measures with a view to more rational grazing management. Outlined are also major problems of arid lands' irrigation and development, serving to lower the risk of desertification: control of salinization, waterlogging, seepage, water and wind erosion. etc. The book is intended for geographers, forestry experts, botanists, soil scientists, specialists in water management, especially those coping with the problems of rational management and conservation of desert environment.