The aim of this study is to assess biomass resource availability in India from sustainably derived agricultural residues that can potentially be used for biofuel production. Chapter 2 briefly highlights the salient features of the national biofuel policy in India. Chapter 3 presents the current status of biofuel production and its utilisation. Chapter 4 estimates the potential of second-generation biofuels from sustainably derived agricultural residues, whereas Chapter 5 presents the economic feasibility of biofuels and the cost of agricultural residues. A logistical assessment of second-generation biofuels and sustainability aspects is discussed in Chapters 6 and 7, respectively. Chapter 8 discusses the policy implications of our main findings and offers concluding remarks.