Global land use plays a central role in determining our food, material and energy supply. Many countries have started to support the use of biomass for biofuels and biomaterials, and, at the same time, are becoming concerned about the increasing consequences of land competition, such as rising food prices, land use change, and land use intensification. This report is intended to support the international discussion and to provide decision makers in national and regional governments and NGOs with an overview of key challenges and possible options related to sustainable land use. It explores how the management of land-based biomass production and consumption can be developed towards a higher degree of sustainability across different scales; from the sustainable management of soils on the field to the sustainable management of global land use as a whole.