The four key objectives of this report, prepared at the request of the UNEP Regional Seas Programme, are to provide: a quick desktop review of ongoing monitoring and assessment activities in relation to the provisions of all the UNEP Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans; an assessment on how monitoring and assessment lead to action as defined in the Conventions and their Protocols; suggestions for a realistic and focused strategy for monitoring and assessment in support of policies and actions of Regional Seas; and recommendations for funding strategies.