The report seeks to fill knowledge gaps on the costs of current agricultural support in terms of impacts on nature, climate change, nutrition, health and equity, and convey key messages to the policy community on potential opportunities from repurposing such support to enable a sustainable food systems transformation. The report focuses on the need for and opportunities from reforming and repurposing current agricultural support to enable the transition to more sustainable, resilient food systems and support commitments under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Paris Agreement, and post-2020 global biodiversity framework. This report is part of a wider UNEP-led initiative on fiscal reform for sustainable agriculture as part of a holistic food systems approach to support commitments under the SDGs, post-2020 biodiversity framework and Paris Agreement. This initiative engages several knowledge and country partners (including UNDP, FAO, IMF, OECD, WHO, IFPRI, CBD Secretariat, IDRC, GIZ, IISD, WWF-International, Costa Rica, Switzerland, China, New Zealand among others) and builds on existing data, initiatives and networks including the Ag-Incentives Consortium, Policy Action Coalition (PAC) of the Just Rural Transition, Sustainable Food Systems Programme of the One Planet Network and the Green Fiscal Policy Network among others.