The overall purpose of this white paper is to compile background information for a strategic status update and critical situational analysis that informs and elicits feedback from key regional takeholders. It will also form the basis for development of a draft Concept Note for a UNEP Cartagena Convention-led project targeting key issues identified. The paper is not an exhaustive review of all available knowledge on the issue. It focuses on influxes in the Caribbean, with reference to other impacted regions as appropriate. This paper is a living document intended to be regularly updated so that it remains current and relevant. This most recent update is the first revision following the original version presented during the Eighth Meeting of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC-8) to the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) in the Wider Caribbean Region held in Panama City, 5–7 December 2018.