The objective of this chapter is to provide a global assessment of the implementation of adaptation, with a particular focus on developing countries. It provides essential information that would not be apparent from solely focusing on the amount of finance and/or the extent and quality of planning, namely whether adaptation is actually taking place, and where and in which sectors it is happening. In addition, this chapter assesses the available data on results and risk reduction achieved and concludes with recommendations for the design and assessment of adaptation actions.