This report presents a comprehensive review of available information on environmental and health effects and their potential impacts. The overall goal of the report is to provide a review of the information base and update the current knowledge to enable other advocacy actions to be taken by stakeholders to minimize the adverse impacts of pesticides and fertilizers. The report seeks to update understanding of current pesticide and fertilizer use practices; present major environmental and health effects of pesticides and fertilizers, during their life cycle, and identify key knowledge gaps; review current management practices, legislation and policies aimed at reducing risks in the context of the global chemicals, environmental and health agenda; and identify opportunities to minimize environmental and health impacts, including proven and innovative approaches.