The module on Climate Change Vulnerability and Impact Assessment (VIA), as well as the version for cities, outline key approaches to help in assessing vulnerability to climate change in the context of other non-climatic issues and stresses such as environmental change and consumption levels, and their integration with other drivers and pressures. In this way, they make use of the general DPSIR framework. The DPSIR framework also helps in mainstreaming responses to climate change with other development measures.