The Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework is one type of systems approach that can be used to analyse how society is using natural resources and the various implications of this use. This report is structured along the DPSIR framework, with Chapter 2 describing the drivers and trends of materials, land, and water resources use and explaining how these create pressures on the environment. Chapter 3 continues the analysis through the lens of life cycle assessments. It takes the results from Chapter 2 and calculates the environmental impacts generated from the extraction and processing of these natural resources. Chapter 4 then provides two different outlooks – one based on Historical Trends and the other modelling the effects of concerted policy and societal actions to drive a transition Towards Sustainability. Finally, Chapter 5 reflects on the messages of chapters 2, 3 and 4, and then offers recommendations to policymakers, the private sector, and civil society that can support innovations for environmental challenges and sustainable consumption and production.