The report features 10 case studies representing distinct freshwater, mountain and dryland areas at different sites across Asia and Africa, where local communities solve challenges of environment and livelihoods through ecosystem-based approaches. Taking advantage of data and information mainly collected by means of household surveys at sites, the report showcases a sustainable livelihoods framework revealing the effects of different ecosystem-based approaches on the livelihoods of local communities. Key findings in the report underline the importance of human capital, diversified income activities, and social inclusiveness in linking natural capital to human society to achieve multiple co-benefits. They make a strong argument for greater attention to be paid to enhance the capacity of local people to implement ecosystem-based approaches towards the attainment of our 2030 agenda.